The study aims at preparing the geomorphology and Top soil resistivity maps with spatial distribution elements through Geographic information technology for groundwater zones. ERDAS image processing and Arc GIS software is used for studying groundwater possible zone demarcation. The work was done in parts of Manimuktha sub basin, central Tamil Nadu, India. Seventy five vertical electrical sounding (VES) surveys were carried out in the study area. The field data were interpreted by curve matching technique in RESIST software. The software is used to determine the top soil resistivity and thickness. These results were taken into GIS environment to prepare the top soil resistivity spatial distribution map and Geomorphology map (satellite data source). The geomorphological map was prepared from IRS P6 L4 MX satellite data using vectorisation processes in ERDAS. Then these maps were overlaid one over the other. A total of 56 various combinations were derived for hydrogeomorphological map, presenting the spatial distributions of individual elements. Finally it is concluded that the best zone is located in buried pediments shallow with <10 Ohm.m combinations is groundwater possible zone.
Carbon mono oxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC) are major pollutants emitted from spark ignition engine, which are hazardous and cause health problems to human beings and hence control of these pollutants call for immediate attention. Experiments are carried out for controlling the pollutants from a variable- compression ratio, spark ignition engine with gasoline fitted with catalytic converter containing sponge iron catalyst. The influence of catalytic converter parameters such as void ratio, amount of air injected into the catalytic converter, temperature of injected air on these emissions at different speeds and compression ratios of the engine is studied. The speed of the engine has marginal effect, while load and compression ratio have strong influence on reduction of pollutants. Air injection drastically decreased the pollutants, which is further pronounced with the rise of temperature of injected air. The engine with catalytic converter decreased the exhaust emissions considerably when compared to conventional engine without catalytic converter.
This paper reports results of electrical conductivity (s) and Seebeck coefficient (S) measurements on the pressed pellets of V2ZrO5 and Mn2ZrO5 in the temperature range 500 - 1200 K. It has been found that these compounds are almost insulators. In general log sT vs T-1 as well as S vs T-1 plots yield two linear temperature regions. The sign of S indicates the charge carriers are electrons in the studied temperature range. The studied zirconates undergo a phase transition at 810 K and 785 K respectively. The conduction mechanism in these solids in intrinsic band type with O2-: 2p and M3+ : 4s bands as valence and conduction band. Energy band gap and mobility of the charge carriers have also been evaluated.
Petrographical study of the Lakadong Limestone member of Shella Formation (Jaintia Group) was carried out for identification of different constituents, mineralogical classifications and to decipher depositional environment. The limestone includes fossils, pellets, odites and intraclasts as allochem microcrystalline calcite and sparry calcite. The limestone is represented as sparry allochemical limestone and biogenic pellet limestone. This biogenic rock contains more than 3.1 pellet ratio. Hence it is also known as Biosparrude. In physical character, limestone is mostly packstone and boundstone types. Moreover, non-ferroan calcite is dominant in the limestone.
The process of cementation consists of chemical deposition of sparry calcite. Both equigranular and inequigranular fabrics are present in the limestone. The major diagenetic processes worked on the limestone include solution, cementation, neomorphism and pressure solution. Strained calcite, vein, vug, stylolite are the notable microstructure present in the limestone. In the limestone, aggrading neomorphism is common.
The petrographic studies indicate that deposition of carbonate sediments took place in a quiet water marine basin (lagoon type).
This paper presents the investigations on the influence of chemical reaction and mass transfer on magneto-hydrodynamic unsteady free convective flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid past an infinite vertical plate through porous media in the presence of constant suction and heat sink. Numerical solution for the flow problem has been obtained by solving the governing equations using multi-parameter perturbation technique. The results are obtained for velocity, temperature and concentration. The effects of various material parameters are discussed on flow variables and presented by graphs.
Effects of overtaking disturbances behind the flow have been included in CCW1-3 approach for the motion of diverging cylindrical shock in a self-gravitating rotating gas, simultaneously for weak and strong cases. Taking initial density distribution (i) and (where r' is the density at the axis of symmetry, 'l' is a non-dimensionalising constant and w is a constant), the analytical expressions for flow variables have been derived representing Free Propagation(CCW Description) and eod on CCW1-3 results. Permissible shock front locations have been obtained ensuring the validity of this study for density increasing and decreasing regions, as well.
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The solar output and its variations have been quantified by several interplanetary parameters generated for near earth space at 1 AU. Earlier studies had established the relative role of the solar wind speed, as well as the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field in generating magnetic field disturbances.
The high speed solar wind streams were studied and sorted for solar cycle 22 &23 on the basis of strict selection criteria. In the study period of solar cycles 22 and 23, a total number of 294 high-speed solar wind stream (HSWS) events have been sorted out in which 116 HSWS events were observed in solar cycle 22, whereas 178 HSWS events have been observed in solar cycle 23. 93 HSWS events were registered to be flare-generated stream events where as 201 HSWS events are registered to be coronal hole associated stream events during the whole period of solar cycles 22 and 23. It is observed that larger numbers of the HSWS events occur during the descending phases, whereas minimum number of HSWS events is observed in the ascending phases of solar activity cycle.
High-speed solar wind streams are found to be significantly effective in producing geomagnetic field disturbances. Flare-generated HSWS events are found to be more effective in producing large geomagnetic disturbances in both solar cycles (22 & 23).
Frequency of occurrence of HSWS events and sunspot number in the ascending phase of the solar cycles 22 and 23 are positively correlated, while in the maximum, descending and minimum phases of solar cycles (22 and 23) anti-correlation is observed. We find that the plasma electric field (VB) is the most effective parameter for producing larger geomagnetic disturbances.
Presented herein are the studies of the effect of applied magnetic field on two region flows: one a clear fluid flowing in an infinite circular region and in porous region surrounding the circular region. Two cases have been considered - the porous region is bounded and unbounded. Analysis confirms the positive effects of reducing the velocities in both regions. The effect of slip parameter is also to decrease the velocities in both regions at fixed values of applied magnetic field identified by the parameter Mo. The effect of increasing values of parameter b is to decrease the velocity in clear fluid whereas the results are reversed in porous region. In the limiting case i.e. in absence the magnetic field, the results agree with Srivastava et.al.9 in the first case only. For other results the particular cases are not available in literature.
Controlled drug delivery systems have acquired a central stage in pharmaceutical research and development business. Through such systems spatial and or temporal releases of drugs are given to an organ in the body. In order to prevent peak-valley fluctuations, reduction in dose amount ,redosage frequency with patient comfort witout side effects. Certain pathological states demand release of drug release after a time lag instead of being released immediately. A second order kinetics model is presented for the pulsatile drug delivery kinetics to obtain a time lag between the administration of the drug and the release of the drug. This model is able to predict drug release kinetics and the fractional drug release at any time t and a high degree of positive correlation is obtained between the findings of this model and the experimental results.
A Theoretical force field for the molecular vibration of N-acetylthiourea (C3H6N2OS) has been determined from ab initio calculation at the Density Functional Theory, using the B3LYP basic sets (6.31G). The reliability of force field is analyzed by calculating the Vibrational frequencies. The frequency calculated from the force field are utilized critically examine the experimental assignments in acetylthiourea compounds. Theoretical geometry, the calculated IR intensities are analyzed.