The origin and propagation mechanism of low latitude daytime whistlers are investigated on the basis of the very low frequency (VLF) wave measurements made continuously during day and night hours in North India at our newly setup ground based station Jammu (geomag.lat., 22o 26/ N; L=1.17). From the dispersion analysis of the VLF data collected over a time span of about seven years, extremely small dispersion (ESD) whistlers with dispersion varying from 5-10 sec1/2 in surprisingly large numbers were found during daytime but only in geomagnetic quiet periods. This feature supports the hypothesis of combined ground ionosphere and field- aligned propagation known as hybrid mode of propagation. The lower cut-off frequencies of these whistlers have been evaluated and majority of these whistlers are found to lie in the low frequency range of ~3-4.4 kHz.
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M. Altaf; K. K. Singh; A. Singh; B. Koul; Lalmani, "A statistical study of ESD whistlers observed during daytime at a low latitude Indian ground station Jammu (L=1.17)", Journal of Ultra Scientist of Physical Sciences, Volume 20, Issue 3, Page Number 455-462, 2018Copy the following to cite this URL:
M. Altaf; K. K. Singh; A. Singh; B. Koul; Lalmani, "A statistical study of ESD whistlers observed during daytime at a low latitude Indian ground station Jammu (L=1.17)", Journal of Ultra Scientist of Physical Sciences, Volume 20, Issue 3, Page Number 455-462, 2018Available from: http://www.ultraphysicalsciences.org/paper/1325/